{"id":7232,"date":"2026-07-29T16:50:54","date_gmt":"2026-07-29T16:50:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/researchtoday.co.za\/?p=7232"},"modified":"2026-07-29T16:50:54","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T16:50:54","slug":"south-african-firms-kept-revenue-while-working-fewer-hours","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/researchtoday.co.za\/?p=7232","title":{"rendered":"South African Firms Kept Revenue While Working Fewer Hours"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Managers have traditionally treated working time as a useful substitute for productivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Employees arrive at a particular hour, remain available for a defined period and leave after completing the expected working day. The arrangement is easy to administer because time can be recorded even when actual output is difficult to measure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A shorter working week disrupts that convenience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Removing hours from the schedule forces a business to decide which activities create value, which processes waste time and how performance should be assessed when physical presence is no longer the primary measure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recent South African research suggests that this operational redesign \u2014 rather than simply giving employees Fridays off \u2014 may be the real business mechanism behind successful reduced-hours policies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Researchers from Stellenbosch Business School interviewed senior managers from eight organisations that participated in the 4 Day Week South Africa trial, alongside the programme&#8217;s South African director. All but one of the companies represented reported maintaining or increasing revenue while employees worked fewer hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The finding is promising. It is also far more conditional than the idea of a universal four-day week suggests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The pilot was not simply an extra day off<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The South African pilot launched in March 2023 with 28 participating companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The programme used the broad principle commonly described as <strong>100\u201380\u2013100<\/strong>: employees receive 100% of their pay, work about 80% of their previous time and remain responsible for delivering 100% of the expected output. Participating companies were allowed to adapt their schedules according to their own operating requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some reduced the working week to four days.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Others staggered days off across teams, adjusted hours according to seasonal demand or made reduced hours conditional on employees meeting performance expectations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That variation matters because a business does not become more productive merely by closing its office one day earlier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The underlying work still has to be completed. For the organisations studied, shorter hours therefore became an examination of how work was designed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Less time exposed inefficient systems<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The researchers found that companies frequently had to redesign processes, remove unnecessary work, improve collaboration and reduce their dependence on particular employees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Teams cross-trained colleagues so that specialised knowledge no longer sat with only one person. Businesses reconsidered how meetings were used, reviewed their technology and involved employees in restructuring daily workflows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These changes helped organisations protect output despite the reduction in available time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The strategic lesson is important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A four-day week may appear to be a human-resources policy, but successful implementation reaches far beyond HR. It affects workflow design, technology, staffing, client communication, performance measurement and management accountability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In that sense, reduced working hours function as an operational stress test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They reveal whether a business understands how value is created inside the organisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The participating firms were not typical of every employer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The companies represented in the research were generally small and concentrated in specialised service and knowledge work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Six of the eight organisations had no more than 50 employees. Company sizes ranged from four to 107 people, with an average workforce of 42 and a combined staff complement of 334. Seven interviewees reported that almost all work could be completed using a computer and internet connection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This made experimentation easier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Leaders in smaller organisations were often closely involved in operations, while teams could adjust schedules and communicate changes without navigating multiple layers of management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study identified leadership, trust and a people-centred culture as central to implementation. Employees were more willing to experiment when expectations were communicated clearly and teams were allowed to help design the schedules under which they would work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This suggests that the model works best when employees receive greater autonomy alongside greater accountability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Simply reducing the timetable without changing management practices is unlikely to produce the same outcome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Productivity became the hardest question<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most persistent difficulties was deciding how productivity should be measured.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hours provide a common measure across employees. Output does not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A consultant may be assessed through completed projects, while a customer-service team may be measured through response times. One department&#8217;s performance can be counted in transactions, while another may produce work whose value becomes visible only months later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The managers interviewed reported that moving from hours-based measurement towards output-based assessment was particularly difficult across departments and industries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Billable-hour businesses faced an additional problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Working fewer hours may reduce the amount charged to clients. Raising hourly rates could weaken competitiveness, while billing the same amount for less recorded time may be difficult to explain without a clearer value-based pricing model.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For these organisations, adopting shorter hours may require changes to the commercial model itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The employee benefit also became a business benefit<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Managers reported improvements in rest, energy, work\u2013life balance, engagement and employee well-being during the pilot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reduced hours also strengthened the employee value proposition, helping participating businesses attract and retain specialised talent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This may be especially valuable in South African industries where experienced employees and technical skills are difficult to replace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, the research also found that time and money are not interchangeable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During periods of rising living costs, some employees may still prefer a higher salary elsewhere over additional personal time. Reduced hours may strengthen retention, but managers cautioned that the policy was not powerful enough to overcome every financial consideration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The four-day week should therefore not be treated as a substitute for competitive remuneration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is one component of a broader employment proposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The evidence needs restraint<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The research provides detailed management insight, but it does not prove that reducing working hours will raise productivity across South African business.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It was a qualitative study based on interviews with representatives of eight self-selected companies. The firms had already volunteered for the broader pilot and were mostly small, technology-enabled service businesses with relatively highly skilled employees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Revenue and operational outcomes were also reported by managers rather than independently verified through a standardised financial analysis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Larger companies, factories, retailers, hospitals, hospitality businesses and organisations dependent on shifts or physical operating hours may encounter very different constraints. The authors specifically call for further research in these environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The study therefore offers implementation evidence, not a universal formula.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A management question rather than a calendar question<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The South African findings suggest that leaders considering reduced working hours should begin somewhere other than the calendar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They should first establish which outputs matter, where unnecessary work occurs, how client availability will be maintained and whether teams possess sufficient skills and technology to work differently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They should also determine whether managers are prepared to give employees meaningful control over how those changes are implemented.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The four-day week is often presented as a choice between employee well-being and business performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The organisations in this study did not necessarily experience it that way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But they protected performance because they redesigned work around the shorter week.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The decision facing business leaders is therefore not simply whether employees can work fewer hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is whether the organisation is managed well enough to know which hours were creating value in the first place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Source Information<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Study Title:<\/strong> <em>Less is more: Organisational and employee outcomes of reduced working hours<\/em><br><strong>Authors:<\/strong> Johette Smuts and Renata Schoeman<br><strong>Journal:<\/strong> <em>South African Journal of Business Management<\/em><br><strong>Published:<\/strong> 29 November 2025<br><strong>DOI:<\/strong> 10.4102\/sajbm.v56i1.4997<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>South African companies maintained or increased revenue while trialling shorter working hours, but new research suggests the real advantage came from redesigning processes, clarifying output and managing employees differently \u2014 not simply closing the office on Fridays.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7233,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[29],"class_list":["post-7232","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","tag-trending"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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